Drilling
Types of drill to make fashion jewelry
The use of manual drills has decreased over recent years, as motorized drills have become more affordable, but the manual drilling of certain jobs is still a necessity. Where work is fragile or access to the area to be drilled is awkward, a drill bit secured in a pin vice will perform the task adequately. Other examples of hand drills are the Archimedian drill, which has a sliding cuff that powers the bit, and the bow drill.
Pillar drills are bench-mounted motorized units that allow you to drill incredibly accurate vertical holes. A pendant motor is also a useful device for drilling, but is less easily controlled, unless the handpiece is mounted in a special clamp that allows it to be used as if it were a pillar drill.
Drill bits and chucks
The chuck is the part of the drill that holds the drill bit, and is often made up of three or four jaws that are either retractable, or secured by a collar. The drill bit is the cutting part of the drill, and bits are available in many sizes. For jewellers, bits between 0.6 mm (22 gauge) and 3.3 mm (8 gauge) are most useful. It’s a good idea to have a selection of sizes in stock. Most drill bits are made from high-speed steel and are suitable for drilling most metals and many other materials such as plastics and hardwoods. These bits have a spiral recess that allows the drilled material (swarf) to clear easily. Semiprecious stones and glass are so hard that they must be drilled with diamond-coated drill bits, which are lubricated with water. There are special drill bits for pearls, designed so that they will not chip the edge of the drilled hole.
Before drilling, you must make a registration mark in the metal so that the drill bit does not skid around the surface, which can cause it to break. Working on a steel block, tap a centre punch with a mallet into the metal sheet to make a slight depression. Wearing safety glasses, secure the drill bit in the chuck of the drill and ensure it is set straight. Place the work on a piece of wood, in position under the drill bit, and turn on the power.
